建模方法
在CST中按照参考中的建模方法建好螺旋线线圈以后，沿螺旋的中轴建一根与螺旋线一样长的圆柱，再创建一根“一端在轴上，另一端在螺旋线上”的圆柱，使其长度保持线圈中径的一半。最后两端加上引脚即可
操作讲起来比较简单。螺旋线可通过 CST 的方程式建模，然后在起始处创建一个圆片，再 sweep curve，也可以只创建一个圆片直接旋转它生成螺旋体。
我们可以通过CST内置的Macro vba editor记录这一过程。因为通常情况下，想在同一个 CST 版本中复制操作历史，需要打开有相关操作的 CST 文件，选择 history list 中的操作点击 copy，在新的文件 paste。但是对于同一个 CST 版本，完全可以将操作用 VB 记录下来，保存为全局脚本，在新的文件中直接运行它。这就是 CST 的 VBA Macro 内置脚本功能的意义。
当然如果你只是直接点击 history list 中的相关操作然后点击 More 中的 Macro，使其自动生成代码，这个方法是有缺陷的。它跟 CST 的内置脚本一样，会记录为一次操作，但是同样的也完全没有模型操作记录。其实秘密藏在文档里，在 CST 的 VB 脚本预设中有一个叫“AddToHistory”的命令会记录模型操作。
现在我们拆解一下 history list，以其中一步操作为例讲解一下如何修改代码。
现在有一步操作叫“Define curve circle: curve1:circle1”，在 history list 中点击打开详情，可以看到如下这段代码。
With Circle
.Reset
.Name "circle1"
.Curve "curve1"
.Radius "wire_d/2"
.Xcenter "r"
.Ycenter "0"
.Segments "0"
.Create
End With
当我们在 history list 中点击copy复制这一个 history 项时，打开系统的剪贴板你会发现，它其实是一个JSON格式文本；但在 CST 软件内部执行时，软件会提取其中的 code 字段，将其当作 VBA 脚本 交由解释器运行，从而在 3D 界面中重绘出模型。这是 CST 进行无界面自动化建模的标准数据交换方式。复制 history list 中的该操作得到的代码如下所示。
CST History Data Exchange Format V2
{
"history": [
{
"caption": "Define curve circle: curve1:circle1",
"version": "2025.1|34.0.1|20241028",
"hidden": false,
"type": "vba",
"code": [
"With Circle\r",
" .Reset\r",
" .Name \"circle1\"\r",
" .Curve \"curve1\"\r",
" .Radius \"wire_d/2\"\r",
" .Xcenter \"r\"\r",
" .Ycenter \"0\"\r",
" .Segments \"0\"\r",
" .Create\r",
"End With"
]
}
]
}
现在我们在 history list 界面点击 Macro 将其转化为 VB 代码，生成的代码如下所示。
' Macro
Sub Main ()
'## Merged Block - Define curve circle: curve1:circle1
StartVersionStringOverrideMode "2025.1|34.0.1|20241028"
With Circle
.Reset
.Name "circle1"
.Curve "curve1"
.Radius "wire_d/2"
.Xcenter "r"
.Ycenter "0"
.Segments "0"
.Create
End With
StopVersionStringOverrideMode
End Sub
阅读这段代码你会发现：操作内容包裹在 With 到 End With 之间；主程序内容从 StartVersionStringOverrideMode 开始，到 StopVersionStringOverrideMode 结束，在 StartVersionStringOverrideMode 这行的后面是这段代码兼容的 CST 版本；这段代码的 history 名称在“Merged Block”这一行，而“Merged Block”的意思是“合并块”，因此生成的代码是无法编辑的块命令。
想让它在 history list 和 history list (fast model update) 中可编辑，必须将“Merged Block””改为“AddToHistory”，然后在后面再加上“, (String)”，设置一个变量名作为 String，然后将上面的操作赋给 String，这样方能处理多个操作历史。
以下是 CST 中创建螺旋线圈电感的 VBA 代码。
'#Language "WWB-COM"
Option Explicit
Sub Main ()
StartVersionStringOverrideMode "2025.2|34.0.1|20241216"
Dim cmd As String
'===========================================================
' Step 1: 定义材料 Copper (annealed)
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Material" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Folder """"" & vbCrLf & _
" .FrqType ""static""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Type ""Normal""" & vbCrLf & _
" .SetMaterialUnit ""Hz"", ""mm""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Epsilon ""1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Mu ""1.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Kappa ""5.8e+007""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanD ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDFreq ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDGiven ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDModel ""ConstTanD""" & vbCrLf & _
" .KappaM ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDM ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDMFreq ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDMGiven ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TanDMModel ""ConstTanD""" & vbCrLf & _
" .DispModelEps ""None""" & vbCrLf & _
" .DispModelMu ""None""" & vbCrLf & _
" .DispersiveFittingSchemeEps ""Nth Order""" & vbCrLf & _
" .DispersiveFittingSchemeMu ""Nth Order""" & vbCrLf & _
" .UseGeneralDispersionEps ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .UseGeneralDispersionMu ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .FrqType ""all""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Type ""Lossy metal""" & vbCrLf & _
" .SetMaterialUnit ""GHz"", ""mm""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Mu ""1.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Kappa ""5.8e+007""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Rho ""8930.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .ThermalType ""Normal""" & vbCrLf & _
" .ThermalConductivity ""401.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .SpecificHeat ""390"", ""J/K/kg""" & vbCrLf & _
" .MetabolicRate ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .BloodFlow ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .VoxelConvection ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .MechanicsType ""Isotropic""" & vbCrLf & _
" .YoungsModulus ""120""" & vbCrLf & _
" .PoissonsRatio ""0.33""" & vbCrLf & _
" .ThermalExpansionRate ""17""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Colour ""1"", ""1"", ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Wireframe ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reflection ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Allowoutline ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Transparentoutline ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Transparency ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define material: Copper (annealed)", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 2: 定义曲线 circle1
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Circle" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""circle1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Curve ""curve1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Radius ""wire_d/2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Xcenter ""r""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Ycenter ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Segments ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define curve circle: curve1:circle1", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 3: 新建组件 component1
'===========================================================
cmd = "Component.New ""component1"""
AddToHistory "New component: component1", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 4: 定义 CoverProfile solid1
'===========================================================
cmd = "With CoverCurve" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Curve ""curve1:circle1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .DeleteCurve ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define coverprofile: component1:solid1", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 5: 拾取面
'===========================================================
cmd = "Pick.PickFaceFromId ""component1:solid1"", ""1"""
AddToHistory "Pick face", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 6: 设置边
'===========================================================
cmd = "Pick.AddEdge ""0.0"", ""0.0"", ""0.0"", ""0.0"", ""10"", ""0.0"""
AddToHistory "Set edge", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 7: 定义旋转体 solid2
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Rotate" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .NumberOfPickedFaces ""1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Mode ""Picks""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Angle ""n*360""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Height ""H""" & vbCrLf & _
" .RadiusRatio ""1.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .TaperAngle ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .NSteps ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .SplitClosedEdges ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .SegmentedProfile ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .DeleteBaseFaceSolid ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .ClearPickedFace ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .SimplifySolid ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .UseAdvancedSegmentedRotation ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .CutEndOff ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define rotate: component1:solid2", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 8: 定义圆柱体 solid3
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Cylinder" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid3""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .OuterRadius ""10""" & vbCrLf & _
" .InnerRadius ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Axis ""y""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Yrange ""0"", ""H""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Xcenter ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Zcenter ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Segments ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define cylinder: component1:solid3", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 9: 定义参数 h2 (直接执行，不进历史)
'===========================================================
' StoreDoubleParameter "h2", "0"
'===========================================================
' Step 10: 创建沿X轴的圆柱 cylinder_radial
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Cylinder" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""cylinder_radial""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .OuterRadius ""10""" & vbCrLf & _
" .InnerRadius ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Axis ""x""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Xrange ""0"", ""r""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Ycenter ""h2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Zcenter ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Segments ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Create cylinder along X at h2", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 11: Transform旋转圆柱对齐螺旋线方向
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Transform" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""component1:cylinder_radial""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Origin ""Free""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Center ""0"", ""h2"", ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Angle ""0"", ""360*n*h2/H"", ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .MultipleObjects ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .GroupObjects ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Repetitions ""1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .MultipleSelection ""False""" & vbCrLf & _
" .AutoDestination ""True""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Transform ""Shape"", ""Rotate""" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Rotate cylinder toward helix", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 12: 定义螺旋线径向线
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Polygon3D" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Version 10" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""3dpolygon_1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Curve ""3D-Analytical""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Point ""0"", ""h2"", ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Point ""10*cos(2*pi*3*h2/30)"", ""h2"", ""-10*sin(2*pi*3*h2/30)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Radial Line at h2", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 13: 起始端圆柱 solid4 (向下延伸)
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Cylinder" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid4""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .OuterRadius ""wire_d/2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .InnerRadius ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Axis ""y""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Yrange ""-100"", ""-wire_d/2-0.4""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Xcenter ""r""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Zcenter ""wire_d/2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Segments ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define cylinder: component1:solid4 (start cap)", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 14: 拾取 solid2 起始端面 face 4
'===========================================================
cmd = "Pick.PickFaceFromId ""component1:solid2"", ""4"""
AddToHistory "Pick face: component1:solid2 face 4", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 15: 拾取 solid4 端面 face 3
'===========================================================
cmd = "Pick.PickFaceFromId ""component1:solid4"", ""3"""
AddToHistory "Pick face: component1:solid4 face 3", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 16: Loft连接起始端 solid5
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Loft" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid5""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Tangency ""0.2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Minimizetwist ""true""" & vbCrLf & _
" .CreateNew" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define loft: component1:solid5 (start cap)", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 17: 末端圆柱 solid6 (向上延伸)
' Xcenter = r*cos(2*pi*n): n整数时为 r，n半圈时为 -r，自动适配
' Zcenter = -wire_d/2*cos(2*pi*n): n整数时为 -wire_d/2，n半圈时为 wire_d/2
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Cylinder" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid6""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .OuterRadius ""wire_d/2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .InnerRadius ""0.0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Axis ""y""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Yrange ""H+wire_d/2+0.4"", ""H+100""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Xcenter ""r*cos(2*pi*n)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Zcenter ""-wire_d/2*cos(2*pi*n)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Segments ""0""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Create" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define cylinder: component1:solid6 (end cap)", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 18: 拾取 solid2 末端端面 face 3
'===========================================================
cmd = "Pick.PickFaceFromId ""component1:solid2"", ""3"""
AddToHistory "Pick face: component1:solid2 face 3", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 19: 拾取 solid6 端面 face 1
'===========================================================
cmd = "Pick.PickFaceFromId ""component1:solid6"", ""1"""
AddToHistory "Pick face: component1:solid6 face 1", cmd
'===========================================================
' Step 20: Loft连接末端 solid7
'===========================================================
cmd = "With Loft" & vbCrLf & _
" .Reset" & vbCrLf & _
" .Name ""solid7""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Component ""component1""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Material ""Copper (annealed)""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Tangency ""0.2""" & vbCrLf & _
" .Minimizetwist ""true""" & vbCrLf & _
" .CreateNew" & vbCrLf & _
"End With"
AddToHistory "Define loft: component1:solid7 (end cap)", cmd
StopVersionStringOverrideMode
End Sub
上面这段代码实现效果如下图所示。
参考
电磁仿真–基本操作-CST-(4)-复杂空心电感
电磁仿真–基本操作-CST-(4)-复杂空心电感
[待整理] 如何用CST建立螺旋的模型
如何用CST建立螺旋的模型
CST中如何建立螺旋线