电子四极管参数计算方法——第一部分

technology

已知电子管阳极电压$V_{a} = 16kV$,帘栅极电压$V_{g_{2}} = 1200V$,导通角70°。

查询TH781技术规格书,已知工作频率100MHz,帘栅压1500V时输出功率为280kW。

即$E_{g2}$=1500V,$P_{\sim}$=280kW。

由发射管的板流恒流特性曲线可知,每顺势都有一对栅压$e_{g}$和板压$e_{a}$互相对应,

当wt=0°瞬时,有$e_{g} = e_{gmax}$与$e_{a} = e_{amin}$对应;

我们取此时$\frac{Ua}{Ea}$的经验值,$\frac{Ua}{Ea} = 0.9$得,$e_{amin} = E_{a} - U_{a} = 0.1E_{a}$,$U_{a} = 0.9E_{a}$=14.4kV;

当wt=90°瞬时,有$e_{g} = E_{g}$与$e_{a} = E_{a}$对应;

确定静态工作点为$e_{a}$=16kV,$I_{a}$=0A。由此可得$e_{amin}$=1.6kV。

根据发射管的输出功率$P_{\sim} = \frac{1}{2}I_{a_{1}}U_{a}$,

得$\frac{Ua}{Ea}$取经验值时的基波分量$I_{a1} = \frac{2P_{\sim}}{0.9E_{a}}$=2*280/(0.9*16)=
38.8889 A

当wt=0瞬时,$e_{gmax}$时对应的Im,根据丙类放大器基波电流与分解系数$\alpha_{1}$的关系:$I_{a1} = I_{m}*\alpha_{1}$,解的$I_{m} = \frac{I_{a1}}{\alpha_{1}}$;

根据$\alpha_{1} = \frac{\theta - \sin\theta\cos\theta}{\pi(1 - \cos{\theta)}}$,求得$\alpha_{1}$=0.43555446。

$I_{m}$=38.8889/0.43555446=89.2859A;

当wt=0瞬时,取P点为(0.1$E_{a}$,$e_{amin}$)=(1.6kV,188V)

当wt=90°瞬时,取Q点为($E_{a}$,$E_{g}$)=(16kV,-380V)

从坐标点获取参数:

栅偏压 Eg = Q.y = -380.00 V

栅极激励电压最大值 eg_max = A.y = 188.00 V

栅极激励电压振幅 Ug = eg_max + |Eg| = 188.00 + 380.00 = 568.00 V

十三点法计算原理如下——

原理:沿斜边AQ从A点(0°)到Q点(90°)按$t = 1 - cos(\theta)$比例取点

请输入三个顶点坐标(格式:横坐标kV 纵坐标V):

直角顶点 O(x y): 1.6 -380

水平端点 Q(x y): 16 -380

垂直端点 A(x y): 1.6 188

三角形信息:

斜边端点:A(1.600 kV, 188.0 V) → Q(16.000 kV, -380.0 V)

斜边投影:Δx = 14.400 kV, Δy = -568.0 V

直角验证(OA·OQ): 0.000000 (应≈0)

经过十三点法计算可得,ABCDEF点的坐标分别为:

角度 比例 t 距A长度 横坐标(kV) 纵坐标(V)
0.0° 0 0 1.6 188 A
15.0° 0.034074 19.36 2.0907 168.65 B
30.0° 0.133975 76.122 3.5292 111.9 C
45.0° 0.292893 166.417 5.8177 21.64 D
60.0° 0.5 284.091 8.8 -96 E
75.0° 0.741181 421.126 12.273 -232.99 F
90.0° 1 568.183 16 -380 Q

通过观察恒流特性曲线得到,

$i_{a}(A)$=
89.2859A,$i_{a}(B)$=85.8A,$i_{a}(C)$=72.02A,$i_{a}(D)$=48.94A,$i_{a}(E)$=21.81A,$i_{a}(F)$=3.18A

$i_{g}(A)$=7.81A,$i_{g}(B)$=6.49A, $i_{g}(C)$=3.10A, $i_{g}(D)$=0.63A,
$i_{g}(E)$=0A, $i_{g}(F)$=0A

$i_{g_{2}}(A)$=5.43A,$i_{g_{2}}(B)$=3.38A,
$i_{g_{2}}(C)$=1.06A,$i_{g_{2}}(D)$=0A,
$i_{g_{2}}(A)$=0A,$i_{g_{2}}(B)$=0A

电流 A B C D E F
ia 89.2859 A 85.8 A 72.02 A 48.94 A 21.81 A 3.18 A
ig 7.81 A 6.49 A 3.10 A 0.63 A 0 0
i(g2) 5.43 A 3.38 A 1.06 A 0 0 0

根据上面得到的值计算$I_{a_{0}}$、$I_{a_{1}}$,得到$I_{a_{0}}$=23.032746A,$I_{a_{1}}$=39.328625A;

根据上面得到的值计算$I_{g_{0}}$、$I_{g_{1}}$,得到$I_{g_{0}}$=1.177083A,$I_{g_{1}}$=2.215583A;

根据上面得到的值计算$I_{{g_{2}}^{0}}$,得到$I_{{g_{2}}^{0}}$=0.596250A;

板级负载电阻$R_{oe} = \frac{U_{a}}{I_{a_{1}}} =$ 14400.00
V / 39.3286 A = 366.1455 Ω;

输入功率$P_{\sim} = \frac{1}{2}{U_{a}I}_{a1}$=0.5 * 14400.00 V *
39.3286 A = 283.1661 kW;

输出功率$P_{o} = E_{a}I_{a_{0}}$=16.00 kV * 23.0327 A = 368.5239 kW;

板级损耗$P_{a} = P_{o} - P_{\sim}$=368.5239 kW - 283.1661 kW = 85.3578
kW;

帘栅极损耗$P_{g_{2}} = E_{g_{2}}I_{{g_{2}}^{0}}$=1200.00 V * 0.596250 A
= 715.5000 W;

栅极损耗$P_{g} = \frac{1}{2}U_{g}I_{g_{1}} - E_{g}I_{g_{0}}$=0.5*568.00*2.215583 -
(-380.00)*1.177083 = 1076.5173 W;

板级效率$\eta = \frac{P_{\sim}}{P_{o}}$=283.1661 kW / 368.5239 kW =
0.768379 (76.84%);

激励功率$P_{g_{\sim}} = \frac{1}{2}U_{g}I_{g_{1}}$=0.5 * 568.00 V *
2.215583 A = 629.2257 W;

放大器的输入阻抗$R_{g} = \frac{U_{g}}{I_{g_{1}} + I_{a_{1}}}$=568.00 V /
(2.215583 A + 39.328625 A) = 13.6722 Ω。

符号 名称 数值 单位 符号 名称 数值 单位
Ia0 板极直流分量 23.0327 A Ia1 板极基波分量 39.3286 A
Ig0 栅极直流分量 1.1771 A Ig1 栅极基波分量 2.2156 A
Ig20 帘栅极直流分量 0.5963 A
Roe 板极负载电阻
Ua1/Ia1
366.15 Ω P~ 输出功率
½Ua1Ia1
283.17 kW
P0 直流输入功率
EaIa0
368.52 kW Rge 栅地输入阻抗
Ug/(Ig1+Ia1)
13.67 Ω
Pa 板极损耗
P0-P~
85.36 kW Pg2 帘栅极损耗
Eg2Ig20
715.50 W
Pg 栅极损耗
½UgIg1-EgIg0
1076.52 W Pg1 激励功率
½UgIg1
629.23 W
η 板级效率 P~/P0 76.84 %

C语言代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

#define PI 3.14159265358979323846
#define DEG_TO_RAD(x) ((x) * PI / 180.0)

// 全局变量,用于各阶段传递数据
double Ea, Eg, E_g2;           // 电压参数
double theta_deg, theta_rad;   // 导通角
int n;                         // 分解系数序号
double alpha_n;                // 分解系数
double Im;                     // 脉冲电流峰值
double Ia1_calculated;         // 阶段1计算的Ia1
double Ua;                     // 阳极电压振幅
double Ua_over_Ea;             // 板压利用系数
double P_tilde;                // 射频输出功率 P~ (kW)

// 13点法坐标点
typedef struct {
	double x;      // 横坐标 (kV)
	double y;      // 纵坐标 (V)
	char name;     // 点名称
} Point;

Point points[7];   // A, B, C, D, E, F, Q

// 电流采样值
double ia[6];      // Ia(A) ~ Ia(F)
double ig[6];      // Ig(A) ~ Ig(F)  
double ig2[6];     // Ig2(A) ~ Ig2(F)

// 计算结果
double Ia0, Ia1;   // 阳极电流直流分量和基波分量
double Ig0, Ig1;   // 栅极电流直流分量和基波分量
double Ig2_0;      // 帘栅极电流直流分量

// 最终计算结果
double R_oe;       // 板级负载电阻
double P_out_rf;   // 输出功率 (射频功率)
double P_in_dc;    // 输入功率 (直流功率)
double P_a;        // 板级损耗
double P_g2;       // 帘栅极损耗
double P_g;        // 栅极损耗
double eta;        // 板级效率
double P_g_drive;  // 激励功率
double R_g;        // 放大器输入阻抗
double U_g;        // 栅极激励电压振幅

// 函数声明
double calculate_alpha(double theta, int n);
void stage1_calculate_Im();
void stage2_thirteen_points();
void stage3_calculate_Ia();
void stage4_calculate_Ig();
void stage5_calculate_Ig2();
void stage6_final_calculations();

int main() {
	printf("=================================================\n");
	printf("    电子四极管技术参数计算系统\n");
	printf("=================================================\n\n");
	
	// 阶段1:计算Im
	stage1_calculate_Im();
	
	// 阶段2:13点法坐标计算
	stage2_thirteen_points();
	
	// 阶段3:计算Ia0, Ia1
	stage3_calculate_Ia();
	
	// 阶段4:计算Ig0, Ig1
	stage4_calculate_Ig();
	
	// 阶段5:计算Ig2_0
	stage5_calculate_Ig2();
	
	// 阶段6:最终计算
	stage6_final_calculations();
	
	printf("\n=================================================\n");
	printf("    所有计算完成!\n");
	printf("=================================================\n");
	
	return 0;
}

// 计算分解系数 α_n
double calculate_alpha(double theta, int n) {
	if (n == 0) {
		// α0 = (sinθ - θcosθ) / (π(1-cosθ))
		return (sin(theta) - theta * cos(theta)) / (PI * (1 - cos(theta)));
	} else if (n == 1) {
		// α1 = (θ - sinθcosθ) / (π(1-cosθ))
		return (theta - sin(theta) * cos(theta)) / (PI * (1 - cos(theta)));
	} else {
		// αn = 2[sin(nθ)cosθ - ncos(nθ)sinθ] / [π(1-cosθ)n(n²-1)]
		double numerator = 2 * (sin(n * theta) * cos(theta) - n * cos(n * theta) * sin(theta));
		double denominator = PI * (1 - cos(theta)) * n * (n * n - 1);
		return numerator / denominator;
	}
}

// 阶段1:输入基本参数,计算Im
void stage1_calculate_Im() {
	printf("【阶段1】计算脉冲电流峰值 Im\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	
	// 输入Ea和Eg2
	printf("请输入阳极电压 Ea (kV): ");
	scanf("%lf", &Ea);
	
	printf("请输入帘栅极电压 Eg2 (V) [默认1500V]: ");
	scanf("%lf", &E_g2);
	if (E_g2 == 0) E_g2 = 1500.0;  // 默认值
	
	// 直接输入射频输出功率 P~
	printf("请输入射频输出功率 P~ (kW) [默认280.0kW]: ");
	scanf("%lf", &P_tilde);
	if (P_tilde == 0) P_tilde = 280.0;  // 默认值,与原计算后P~=252/0.9≈280一致
	
	double P_rf = P_tilde * 1000.0;  // 转换为W
	
	// 输入导通角
	printf("请输入导通角 θ (度): ");
	scanf("%lf", &theta_deg);
	theta_rad = DEG_TO_RAD(theta_deg);
	
	// 输入分解系数序号
	printf("请输入分解系数序号 n (0, 1, 2...): ");
	scanf("%d", &n);
	
	// 计算分解系数
	alpha_n = calculate_alpha(theta_rad, n);
	
	printf("\n计算结果:\n");
	printf("  角度 θ = %.2f° (%.6f 弧度)\n", theta_deg, theta_rad);
	printf("  分解系数 α_%d = %.8f\n", n, alpha_n);
	
	// 输入板压利用系数
	printf("请输入板压利用系数 Ua/Ea (范围0.85~0.95): ");
	scanf("%lf", &Ua_over_Ea);
	if (Ua_over_Ea < 0.85 || Ua_over_Ea > 0.95) {
		printf("警告:板压利用系数超出常规范围!\n");
	}
	
	// 计算Ua
	Ua = Ua_over_Ea * Ea * 1000;  // 转换为V
	
	printf("  板压利用系数 Ua/Ea = %.4f\n", Ua_over_Ea);
	printf("  阳极电压振幅 Ua = %.2f kV\n", Ua / 1000.0);
	
	// 计算基波分量 Ia1 = 2*P~ / Ua
	Ia1_calculated = (2.0 * P_rf) / Ua;
	printf("  基波电流分量 Ia1 = 2*P~/Ua = %.4f A\n", Ia1_calculated);
	
	// 计算Im = Ia1 / α1 (当n=1时)
	if (n == 1) {
		Im = Ia1_calculated / alpha_n;
	} else {
		// 如果n≠1,需要重新计算α1
		double alpha1 = calculate_alpha(theta_rad, 1);
		printf("  计算α1 = %.8f 用于求Im\n", alpha1);
		Im = Ia1_calculated / alpha1;
	}
	
	printf("\n>>> 脉冲电流峰值 Im = %.4f A\n", Im);
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n\n");
}

// 阶段2:13点法坐标计算
void stage2_thirteen_points() {
	Point O, Q, A;  // 直角顶点、水平端点、垂直端点
	
	printf("【阶段2】13点法交点坐标计算\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("原理:沿斜边AQ从A点(0°)到Q点(90°)按 t = 1-cos(θ) 比例取点\n\n");
	
	// 输入三个顶点
	printf("请输入三个顶点坐标(格式:横坐标kV 纵坐标V):\n");
	printf("直角顶点 O(x y): ");
	scanf("%lf %lf", &O.x, &O.y);
	printf("水平端点 Q(x y): ");
	scanf("%lf %lf", &Q.x, &Q.y);
	printf("垂直端点 A(x y): ");
	scanf("%lf %lf", &A.x, &A.y);
	
	// 计算斜边向量
	double dx = Q.x - A.x;
	double dy = Q.y - A.y;
	double slope_length = sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
	
	printf("\n三角形信息:\n");
	printf("  斜边端点:A(%.3f kV, %.1f V) → Q(%.3f kV, %.1f V)\n", A.x, A.y, Q.x, Q.y);
	printf("  斜边投影:Δx = %.3f kV, Δy = %.1f V\n", dx, dy);
	
	// 验证直角
	double oa_dx = A.x - O.x, oa_dy = A.y - O.y;
	double oq_dx = Q.x - O.x, oq_dy = Q.y - O.y;
	double dot = oa_dx*oq_dx + oa_dy*oq_dy;
	printf("  直角验证(OA·OQ): %.6f (应≈0)\n", dot);
	
	// 13点法角度定义
	double angles[] = {0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90};
	char point_names[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'Q'};
	
	printf("\n13点法交点坐标:\n");
	printf("角度  | 比例t   | 距A长度 | 横坐标(kV) | 纵坐标(V)   | 点\n");
	printf("------|---------|---------|------------|-------------|----\n");
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
		double angle_rad = DEG_TO_RAD(angles[i]);
		double t = 1.0 - cos(angle_rad);  // 核心公式
		
		points[i].x = A.x + t * dx;
		points[i].y = A.y + t * dy;
		points[i].name = point_names[i];
		
		double dist_from_A = t * slope_length;
		
		printf("%5.1f°| %.6f| %8.3f| %11.4f| %12.2f| %c\n",
			   angles[i], t, dist_from_A, points[i].x, points[i].y, points[i].name);
	}
	
	// 将水平端点Q的y值赋给Eg,将垂直端点A的y值作为eg_max
	Eg = Q.y;
	double eg_max = A.y;  // 垂直端点A的y坐标就是eg_max
	
	// 计算Ug = eg_max + |Eg|
	U_g = eg_max + fabs(Eg);
	printf("\n>>> 从坐标点获取参数:\n");
	printf("  栅偏压 Eg = Q.y = %.2f V\n", Eg);
	printf("  栅极激励电压最大值 eg_max = A.y = %.2f V\n", eg_max);
	printf("  栅极激励电压振幅 Ug = eg_max + |Eg| = %.2f + %.2f = %.2f V\n", 
		   eg_max, fabs(Eg), U_g);
	
	printf("\n>>> 坐标计算完成,请根据恒流特性曲线读取各点电流值\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n\n");
}

// 阶段3:输入Ia(A)~Ia(F),计算Ia0, Ia1
void stage3_calculate_Ia() {
	printf("【阶段3】计算阳极电流分量 Ia0, Ia1\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("请输入从恒流特性曲线读取的阳极电流值 (A):\n");
	
	const char* labels[] = {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"};
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		printf("  i_a(%s) = ", labels[i]);
		scanf("%lf", &ia[i]);
	}
	
	// 使用13点法公式计算
	Ia0 = (1.0/12.0) * (0.5*ia[0] + ia[1] + ia[2] + ia[3] + ia[4] + ia[5]);
	Ia1 = (1.0/12.0) * (ia[0] + 1.93*ia[1] + 1.73*ia[2] + 1.41*ia[3] + ia[4] + 0.52*ia[5]);
	
	printf("\n输入值:\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		printf("  i_a(%s) = %.4f A\n", labels[i], ia[i]);
	}
	
	printf("\n>>> 计算结果:\n");
	printf("  阳极电流直流分量 Ia0 = %.6f A\n", Ia0);
	printf("  阳极电流基波分量 Ia1 = %.6f A\n", Ia1);
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n\n");
}

// 阶段4:输入Ig(A)~Ig(F),计算Ig0, Ig1
void stage4_calculate_Ig() {
	printf("【阶段4】计算栅极电流分量 Ig0, Ig1\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("请输入从恒流特性曲线读取的栅极电流值 (A):\n");
	
	const char* labels[] = {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"};
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		printf("  i_g(%s) = ", labels[i]);
		scanf("%lf", &ig[i]);
	}
	
	Ig0 = (1.0/12.0) * (0.5*ig[0] + ig[1] + ig[2] + ig[3] + ig[4] + ig[5]);
	Ig1 = (1.0/12.0) * (ig[0] + 1.93*ig[1] + 1.73*ig[2] + 1.41*ig[3] + ig[4] + 0.52*ig[5]);
	
	printf("\n输入值:\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		printf("  i_g(%s) = %.4f A\n", labels[i], ig[i]);
	}
	
	printf("\n>>> 计算结果:\n");
	printf("  栅极电流直流分量 Ig0 = %.6f A\n", Ig0);
	printf("  栅极电流基波分量 Ig1 = %.6f A\n", Ig1);
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n\n");
}

// 阶段5:输入Ig2(A)~Ig2(F),计算Ig2_0
void stage5_calculate_Ig2() {
	printf("【阶段5】计算帘栅极电流直流分量 Ig2_0\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("请输入从恒流特性曲线读取的帘栅极电流值 (A):\n");
	
	const char* labels[] = {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"};
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		printf("  i_g2(%s) = ", labels[i]);
		scanf("%lf", &ig2[i]);
	}
	
	Ig2_0 = (1.0/12.0) * (0.5*ig2[0] + ig2[1] + ig2[2] + ig2[3] + ig2[4] + ig2[5]);
	
	printf("\n输入值:\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
		printf("  i_g2(%s) = %.4f A\n", labels[i], ig2[i]);
	}
	
	printf("\n>>> 计算结果:\n");
	printf("  帘栅极电流直流分量 Ig2_0 = %.6f A\n", Ig2_0);
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n\n");
}

// 阶段6:最终计算所有剩余参数
void stage6_final_calculations() {
	printf("【阶段6】最终参数计算\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	
	// 重新计算eg_max和Ug,因为stage2中计算的是局部变量
	double eg_max = points[0].y;  // A点的y坐标
	double Eg_value = points[6].y; // Q点的y坐标
	double Ug_value = eg_max + fabs(Eg_value);
	
	// 1. 板级负载电阻 Roe = Ua / Ia1
	R_oe = Ua / Ia1;
	printf("1. 板级负载电阻:\n");
	printf("   Roe = Ua / Ia1 = %.2f V / %.4f A = %.4f Ω\n", Ua, Ia1, R_oe);
	
	// 2. 输入功率 (射频输出功率) P~ = 0.5 * Ua * Ia1
	P_out_rf = 0.5 * Ua * Ia1;
	printf("\n2. 射频输出功率:\n");
	printf("   P~ = 0.5 * Ua * Ia1 = 0.5 * %.2f V * %.4f A = %.4f kW\n", 
		   Ua, Ia1, P_out_rf/1000.0);
	
	// 3. 输出功率 (直流输入功率) Po = Ea * Ia0
	P_in_dc = (Ea * 1000) * Ia0;
	printf("\n3. 直流输入功率:\n");
	printf("   Po = Ea * Ia0 = %.2f kV * %.4f A = %.4f kW\n", 
		   Ea, Ia0, P_in_dc/1000.0);
	
	// 4. 板级损耗 Pa = Po - P~
	P_a = P_in_dc - P_out_rf;
	printf("\n4. 板级损耗:\n");
	printf("   Pa = Po - P~ = %.4f kW - %.4f kW = %.4f kW\n", 
		   P_in_dc/1000.0, P_out_rf/1000.0, P_a/1000.0);
	
	// 5. 帘栅极损耗 Pg2 = Eg2 * Ig2_0
	P_g2 = E_g2 * Ig2_0;
	printf("\n5. 帘栅极损耗:\n");
	printf("   Pg2 = Eg2 * Ig2_0 = %.2f V * %.6f A = %.4f W\n", 
		   E_g2, Ig2_0, P_g2);
	
	// 6. 栅极损耗 Pg = 0.5*Ug*Ig1 - Eg*Ig0
	P_g = 0.5 * Ug_value * Ig1 - Eg_value * Ig0;
	printf("\n6. 栅极损耗:\n");
	printf("   栅极激励电压最大值 eg_max = A.y = %.2f V\n", eg_max);
	printf("   栅偏压 Eg = Q.y = %.2f V\n", Eg_value);
	printf("   栅极激励电压振幅 Ug = eg_max + |Eg| = %.2f V\n", Ug_value);
	printf("   Pg = 0.5*Ug*Ig1 - Eg*Ig0 = 0.5*%.2f*%.6f - (%.2f)*%.6f = %.4f W\n", 
		   Ug_value, Ig1, Eg_value, Ig0, P_g);
	
	// 7. 板级效率 η = P~ / Po
	eta = P_out_rf / P_in_dc;
	printf("\n7. 板级效率:\n");
	printf("   η = P~ / Po = %.4f kW / %.4f kW = %.6f (%.2f%%)\n", 
		   P_out_rf/1000.0, P_in_dc/1000.0, eta, eta*100.0);
	
	// 8. 激励功率 Pg~ = 0.5 * Ug * Ig1
	P_g_drive = 0.5 * Ug_value * Ig1;
	printf("\n8. 激励功率:\n");
	printf("   Pg~ = 0.5 * Ug * Ig1 = 0.5 * %.2f V * %.6f A = %.4f W\n", 
		   Ug_value, Ig1, P_g_drive);
	
	// 9. 放大器输入阻抗 Rg = Ug / (Ig1 + Ia1)   // 修改为包含Ia1
	R_g = Ug_value / (Ig1 + Ia1);
	printf("\n9. 放大器输入阻抗:\n");
	printf("   Rg = Ug / (Ig1 + Ia1) = %.2f V / (%.6f A + %.6f A) = %.4f Ω\n", 
		   Ug_value, Ig1, Ia1, R_g);
	
	printf("\n-------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("【计算结果汇总】\n");
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("基本参数:\n");
	printf("  Ea = %.2f kV, Eg = %.2f V, Eg2 = %.2f V\n", Ea, Eg_value, E_g2);
	printf("  板压利用系数 Ua/Ea = %.4f\n", Ua_over_Ea);
	printf("  阳极电压振幅 Ua = %.2f kV\n", Ua/1000.0);
	printf("  θ = %.2f°, Im = %.4f A\n", theta_deg, Im);
	printf("  栅极激励电压最大值 eg_max = %.2f V\n", eg_max);
	printf("  栅极激励电压振幅 Ug = %.2f V\n", Ug_value);
	printf("  射频输出功率 P~ = %.2f kW\n", P_tilde);
	printf("\n电流分量:\n");
	printf("  Ia0 = %.6f A, Ia1 = %.6f A\n", Ia0, Ia1);
	printf("  Ig0 = %.6f A, Ig1 = %.6f A\n", Ig0, Ig1);
	printf("  Ig2_0 = %.6f A\n", Ig2_0);
	printf("\n功率与效率:\n");
	printf("  射频输出功率 P~ = %.4f kW\n", P_out_rf/1000.0);
	printf("  直流输入功率 Po = %.4f kW\n", P_in_dc/1000.0);
	printf("  板级损耗 Pa = %.4f kW\n", P_a/1000.0);
	printf("  帘栅极损耗 Pg2 = %.4f W\n", P_g2);
	printf("  栅极损耗 Pg = %.4f W\n", P_g);
	printf("  板级效率 η = %.2f%%\n", eta*100.0);
	printf("\n阻抗与激励:\n");
	printf("  板级负载电阻 Roe = %.4f Ω\n", R_oe);
	printf("  输入阻抗 Rg = %.4f Ω (基于Ig1+Ia1)\n", R_g);
	printf("  激励功率 Pg~ = %.4f W\n", P_g_drive);
	printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");
}

参考

[1]岑伟德.调频立体声广播发射机[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1990.

[2]罗勇杰.兆瓦级电子四极管电气参数设计与数值模拟[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2016.

[3]张军.艾玛克电子管特性计算器计算法在维护工作中的应用[J].广播电视网络,2021(S01):29-34.

[4]曹丰岭.栅地电路与阴地电路[J].广播电视信息(下半月刊),2007(12):2.